Definitions

Common Building Industry Terms and Definitions

Architectural Design:

The process of creating a detailed plan for a building’s structure and aesthetics, focusing on functionality, safety, and style.

Blueprints:

Technical drawings that outline the design, dimensions, and layout of a construction project, used as a guide during the building process.

Building Regulations:

Legal standards set by authorities to ensure safety, energy efficiency, and accessibility in construction projects.

Cladding:

The application of one material over another to provide insulation, weather resistance, or aesthetic enhancement for a building’s exterior.

Damp-Proof Course (DPC):

A horizontal layer of waterproof material in a wall to prevent moisture from rising through the structure.

Footings:

The part of the building foundation that transfers the weight of the structure to the ground, ensuring stability.

Framework:

The skeletal structure of a building, made from materials like timber or steel, which supports the rest of the construction.

HVAC:

Stands for Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning; a system that regulates indoor climate and air quality.

Insulation:

Materials used in walls, roofs, and floors to reduce heat loss, noise, and energy consumption.

Joists:

Horizontal structural elements used to support floors or ceilings, typically made from timber or steel.

Load-Bearing Wall:

A wall that supports the weight of the structure above it, as opposed to just dividing space.

Mortar:

A mixture of sand, water, cement, and lime used to bind bricks, stones, or blocks together in masonry.

Passiv-Haus:

An ultra-energy-efficient building standard that focuses on airtight construction, superior insulation, and renewable energy to drastically reduce heating and cooling needs while maintaining optimal indoor comfort.

Planning Permission:

Authorization from local authorities required for certain types of construction or modifications to a property.

Punch List (Snagging List):

A document listing minor defects or unfinished work in a project that must be resolved before completion.

Rafter:

Sloped structural beams that support the roof of a building and transfer its weight to the walls.

Retaining Wall:

A structure designed to hold back soil or rock, preventing erosion and creating usable space on sloped ground.

Scaffolding:

A temporary structure used to support workers and materials during the construction or repair of buildings.

Structural Engineer:

A professional responsible for analyzing and designing the structural integrity of a building to ensure it is safe and stable.

Subcontractor:

A specialist hired by the main contractor to perform specific tasks such as plumbing, electrical work, or plastering.

Trowel:

A small hand tool used in masonry or plastering to spread and smooth mortar, cement, or plaster.